Peasant uprisings were occurring against the Communist Party policy of grain requisitioning. All across Russia popular protests were erupting in the countryside and in the towns and cities. The Russian Civil War had ended in Western Russia in November 1920 with the defeat of General Wrangel in the Crimea. In the centre of the fortress an enormous public square served as a popular forum holding as many as 30,000 persons. Almost overnight, the ship's crews, the naval and military units and the workers created and practised a direct democracy of base assemblies and committees." "it was in its commune-like self-government that Red Kronstadt really came into its own, realising the radical, democratic and egalitarian aspirations of its garrison and working people, their insatiable appetite for social recognition, political activity and public debate, their pent up yearning for education, integration and community. In the words of Israel Getzler, an expert on Kronstadt: In 1917, Trotsky called them the "pride and glory of the Russian Revolution." The inhabitants of Kronstadt had been early supporters and practitioners of soviet power, forming a free commune in 1917 which was relatively independent of the authorities. The Kronstadt sailors had been in the vanguard of the revolutionary events of 19. Petersburg again) thirty-five miles away. Petersburg (which during the first world war was re-named Petrograd, then later Leningrad, and is now St. Traditionally, it has served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and to guard the approaches to the city of St. Kronstadt was (and is) a naval fortress on an island in the Gulf of Finland. The Kronstadt rebellion took place in the first weeks of March, 1921.
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